View绘制主要要讲什么

View的绘制流程是程序开发的必备知识，也是面试经常会问到知识

• View绘制如下图
  

简单回答就是 measure，layout，draw 分别对应测量，布局，绘制三个过程。
涉及到更深的知识就会引申到Handler，同步屏障，View 的事件传递，甚至 activity 的启动过程。

什么是 ViewRootImpl

相比 Viewgroup 和 View，ViewRootImpl 可能更为陌生，实际开发中我们基本用不到它。那么

从结构上来看，ViewRootImpl 和 ViewGroup 其实是一种东西

public final class ViewRootImpl implements ViewParent,
        View.AttachInfo.Callbacks, ThreadedRenderer.DrawCallbacks {}
public abstract class ViewGroup extends View 
        implements ViewParent, ViewManager {}

它们都继承了 ViewParent。ViewParent 是一个接口，定义了一些父 View 的基本行为，比如 requestlayout，getparent 等。不同的是，ViewRootImpl 并不会像 ViewGroup 一样被真正绘制在屏幕上。在 activity 中，它是专门用来绘制 DecorView 的，核心方法是 setView

• “activity，window，View 三者之间的关系是什么？”

如图所示，window 是 activity 里的一个实例变量，本质是一个接口，唯一的实现类是 PhoneWindow。

activity 的 setContentView 方法实际上是就是交给 phonewindow 去做的。window 和 View 的关系可以类比为显示器和显示的内容。

每个 activity 都有一个“显示器” window，“显示的内容”就是 DecorView。这个“显示器”定义了一些方法来决定如何显示内容。比如 setTitleColor setTitle 是设置导航栏的颜色和 title , setAllowReturnTransitionOverlap 设置进/出场动画等等。

所以 window 是 activity 的一个成员变量，window 和 View 是“显示器”和“显示内容”的关系。

这就是他们的关系

在整个 activity 的生命周期中，setContentView 是在 onCreate 中调用的，它实现了对资源文件的解析，完成了 xml 文件到 View 的转化。那么 View 真正开始绘制是在哪个生命周期呢？

• 答案是 onResume 结束后

@Override
    public void handleResumeActivity(IBinder token, boolean finalStateRequest, boolean isForward,
            String reason) {
        // If we are getting ready to gc after going to the background, well
        // we are back active so skip it.
        unscheduleGcIdler();
        mSomeActivitiesChanged = true;

        // 1. 执行Activity的onResume方法
        final ActivityClientRecord r = performResumeActivity(token, finalStateRequest, reason);
        if (r == null) {
            // We didn't actually resume the activity, so skipping any follow-up actions.
            return;
        }
        if (mActivitiesToBeDestroyed.containsKey(token)) {
            // Although the activity is resumed, it is going to be destroyed. So the following
            // UI operations are unnecessary and also prevents exception because its token may
            // be gone that window manager cannot recognize it. All necessary cleanup actions
            // performed below will be done while handling destruction.
            return;
        }

        final Activity a = r.activity;

        if (localLOGV) {
            Slog.v(TAG, "Resume " + r + " started activity: " + a.mStartedActivity
                    + ", hideForNow: " + r.hideForNow + ", finished: " + a.mFinished);
        }

        final int forwardBit = isForward
                ? WindowManager.LayoutParams.SOFT_INPUT_IS_FORWARD_NAVIGATION : 0;

        // If the window hasn't yet been added to the window manager,
        // and this guy didn't finish itself or start another activity,
        // then go ahead and add the window.
        boolean willBeVisible = !a.mStartedActivity;
        if (!willBeVisible) {
            try {
                willBeVisible = ActivityTaskManager.getService().willActivityBeVisible(
                        a.getActivityToken());
            } catch (RemoteException e) {
                throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
            }
        }
        if (r.window == null && !a.mFinished && willBeVisible) {
            // 2. 获取window
            r.window = r.activity.getWindow();
            // 3. 获取DecorView
            View decor = r.window.getDecorView();
            decor.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
            // 4.获取Activity的WindowManager
            ViewManager wm = a.getWindowManager();
            WindowManager.LayoutParams l = r.window.getAttributes();
            a.mDecor = decor;
            l.type = WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_BASE_APPLICATION;
            l.softInputMode |= forwardBit;
            if (r.mPreserveWindow) {
                a.mWindowAdded = true;
                r.mPreserveWindow = false;
                // Normally the ViewRoot sets up callbacks with the Activity
                // in addView->ViewRootImpl#setView. If we are instead reusing
                // the decor view we have to notify the view root that the
                // callbacks may have changed.
                ViewRootImpl impl = decor.getViewRootImpl();
                if (impl != null) {
                    impl.notifyChildRebuilt();
                }
            }
            if (a.mVisibleFromClient) {
                if (!a.mWindowAdded) {
                    a.mWindowAdded = true;
                    // 5.调用WindowManager的addView方法
                    wm.addView(decor, l);
                } else {
                    // The activity will get a callback for this {@link LayoutParams} change
                    // earlier. However, at that time the decor will not be set (this is set
                    // in this method), so no action will be taken. This call ensures the
                    // callback occurs with the decor set.
                    a.onWindowAttributesChanged(l);
                }
            }

            // If the window has already been added, but during resume
            // we started another activity, then don't yet make the
            // window visible.
        } else if (!willBeVisible) {
            if (localLOGV) Slog.v(TAG, "Launch " + r + " mStartedActivity set");
            r.hideForNow = true;
        }

        // Get rid of anything left hanging around.
        cleanUpPendingRemoveWindows(r, false /* force */);

        // The window is now visible if it has been added, we are not
        // simply finishing, and we are not starting another activity.
        if (!r.activity.mFinished && willBeVisible && r.activity.mDecor != null && !r.hideForNow) {
            if (r.newConfig != null) {
                performConfigurationChangedForActivity(r, r.newConfig);
                if (DEBUG_CONFIGURATION) {
                    Slog.v(TAG, "Resuming activity " + r.activityInfo.name + " with newConfig "
                            + r.activity.mCurrentConfig);
                }
                r.newConfig = null;
            }
            if (localLOGV) Slog.v(TAG, "Resuming " + r + " with isForward=" + isForward);
            ViewRootImpl impl = r.window.getDecorView().getViewRootImpl();
            WindowManager.LayoutParams l = impl != null
                    ? impl.mWindowAttributes : r.window.getAttributes();
            if ((l.softInputMode
                    & WindowManager.LayoutParams.SOFT_INPUT_IS_FORWARD_NAVIGATION)
                    != forwardBit) {
                l.softInputMode = (l.softInputMode
                        & (~WindowManager.LayoutParams.SOFT_INPUT_IS_FORWARD_NAVIGATION))
                        | forwardBit;
                if (r.activity.mVisibleFromClient) {
                    ViewManager wm = a.getWindowManager();
                    View decor = r.window.getDecorView();
                    wm.updateViewLayout(decor, l);
                }
            }

            r.activity.mVisibleFromServer = true;
            mNumVisibleActivities++;
            if (r.activity.mVisibleFromClient) {
                r.activity.makeVisible();
            }
        }

        r.nextIdle = mNewActivities;
        mNewActivities = r;
        if (localLOGV) Slog.v(TAG, "Scheduling idle handler for " + r);
        Looper.myQueue().addIdleHandler(new Idler());
    }


    public void addView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params,
            Display display, Window parentWindow, int userId) {
        if (view == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("view must not be null");
        }
        if (display == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("display must not be null");
        }
        if (!(params instanceof WindowManager.LayoutParams)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Params must be WindowManager.LayoutParams");
        }

        final WindowManager.LayoutParams wparams = (WindowManager.LayoutParams) params;
        if (parentWindow != null) {
            parentWindow.adjustLayoutParamsForSubWindow(wparams);
        } else {
            // If there's no parent, then hardware acceleration for this view is
            // set from the application's hardware acceleration setting.
            final Context context = view.getContext();
            if (context != null
                    && (context.getApplicationInfo().flags
                            & ApplicationInfo.FLAG_HARDWARE_ACCELERATED) != 0) {
                wparams.flags |= WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_HARDWARE_ACCELERATED;
            }
        }

        ViewRootImpl root;
        View panelParentView = null;

        synchronized (mLock) {
            // Start watching for system property changes.
            if (mSystemPropertyUpdater == null) {
                mSystemPropertyUpdater = new Runnable() {
                    @Override public void run() {
                        synchronized (mLock) {
                            for (int i = mRoots.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
                                mRoots.get(i).loadSystemProperties();
                            }
                        }
                    }
                };
                SystemProperties.addChangeCallback(mSystemPropertyUpdater);
            }

            int index = findViewLocked(view, false);
            if (index >= 0) {
                if (mDyingViews.contains(view)) {
                    // Don't wait for MSG_DIE to make it's way through root's queue.
                    mRoots.get(index).doDie();
                } else {
                    throw new IllegalStateException("View " + view
                            + " has already been added to the window manager.");
                }
                // The previous removeView() had not completed executing. Now it has.
            }

            // If this is a panel window, then find the window it is being
            // attached to for future reference.
            if (wparams.type >= WindowManager.LayoutParams.FIRST_SUB_WINDOW &&
                    wparams.type <= WindowManager.LayoutParams.LAST_SUB_WINDOW) {
                final int count = mViews.size();
                for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                    if (mRoots.get(i).mWindow.asBinder() == wparams.token) {
                        panelParentView = mViews.get(i);
                    }
                }
            }

            root = new ViewRootImpl(view.getContext(), display);

            view.setLayoutParams(wparams);

            mViews.add(view);
            mRoots.add(root);
            mParams.add(wparams);

            // do this last because it fires off messages to start doing things
            try {
                // 6.调用viewRootImpl的setView方法
                root.setView(view, wparams, panelParentView, userId);
            } catch (RuntimeException e) {
                // BadTokenException or InvalidDisplayException, clean up.
                if (index >= 0) {
                    removeViewLocked(index, true);
                }
                throw e;
            }
        }
    }

从源码中可以看到，onResume 之后，ActivityThread 通过调用 activity 中 windowmanager 的 addView 方法，将 decorView 传入到 ViewRootImpl 的 setView 方法中，通过 setView 来完成 View 的绘制。

//接收的参数ViewRootImpl#setView 这里入参是DecorView
public void setView(View view, WindowManager.LayoutParams attrs, View panelParentView,
        int userId) {
            ....
            // Schedule the first layout -before- adding to the window
            // manager, to make sure we do the relayout before receiving
            // any other events from the system.
            //检查绘制的的线程是不是创建View的线程 绘制View
            requestLayout();
            ....




@Override
public void requestLayout() {
    if (!mHandlingLayoutInLayoutRequest) {
        //线程检查
        checkThread();
        mLayoutRequested = true;
        //开始绘制
        scheduleTraversals();
    }
}


@UnsupportedAppUsage
void scheduleTraversals() {
    if (!mTraversalScheduled) {
        mTraversalScheduled = true;
        //获取内存屏障
        mTraversalBarrier = mHandler.getLooper().getQueue().postSyncBarrier();
        //执行绘制任务 mTraversalBarrier
        mChoreographer.postCallback(
                Choreographer.CALLBACK_TRAVERSAL, mTraversalRunnable, null);
        notifyRendererOfFramePending();
        pokeDrawLockIfNeeded();
    }
}

void doTraversal() {
    if (mTraversalScheduled) {
        mTraversalScheduled = false;
        //移除内存屏障
        mHandler.getLooper().getQueue().removeSyncBarrier(mTraversalBarrier);

        if (mProfile) {
            Debug.startMethodTracing("ViewAncestor");
        }
        //开始绘制 依次调用performMeasure performLayout performDraw
        performTraversals();

        if (mProfile) {
            Debug.stopMethodTracing();
            mProfile = false;
        }
    }
}

• 简单来说 setView 做了三件事

1. 检查绘制的线程是不是创建 View 的线程。这里可以引申出一个问题，View 的绘制必须在主线程吗？

2. 通过内存屏障保证绘制 View 的任务是最优先的

3. 调用 performTraversals 完成 measure，layout，draw 的绘制

看到这里，ViewRootImpl 的绘制基本就完成了。其实这也是面试官希望听到的内容。考察的是面试者对 View 绘制体系的理解。

后续 ViewGroup 和 View 的绘制其实是 performTraversals 对整个 ViewTree 的绘制。他们的关系可以用下面这张图表示

那为什么我在 onCreate 中调用 View.post 方法可以得到 View 的宽高呢?

public boolean post(Runnable action) {
    final AttachInfo attachInfo = mAttachInfo;
    if (attachInfo != null) {
        return attachInfo.mHandler.post(action);
    }

    // Postpone the runnable until we know on which thread it needs to run.
    // Assume that the runnable will be successfully placed after attach.
    getRunQueue().post(action);
    return true;
}

View.post 会判断当前 View 是否已经被添加到 window 上。如果添加了则立即执行 runnable，如果没有被添加则先放到一个队列中存储起来，等添加到 window 上时再执行。

而 View 被测量完成后才会 attachToWindow。所以当 post 的 runnable 执行时，View 已经绘制完成了。

MeasureSpec 的理解

• 说说什么是 MeasureSpec？为什么测量宽高要用它作为参数呢？

View 的大小不仅仅取决于自身的宽高，还取决于父 View 的大小和测量模式。一个 200200 的父 View 是不可能容纳一个 300300 的子 View 的，父 View 的 wrap_content 和 match_content 也会影响子 View 的大小。

所以 View 的 measure 函数其实应该有 4 个参数：父 View 的宽，父 View 的高，宽的测量模式，高的测量模式。

Android 这里用了一个巧妙的设计，用一个 Int 值来表示宽/高的测量模式和大小。一个 int 有 32 位，前 2 位表示测量 MODE，后 30 位表示 SIZE。

为什么要用 2 位表示 MODE 呢？因为 MODE 只有 3 种呀，UNSPECIFIED，EXACTLY，AT_MOST 。

• 使用这个 View 时宽高传入 wrap_content，结果会怎么样？

当我们自定义一个 View 时，如果继承的是 View，measure 方法走的就是 View 默认的逻辑

protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
    setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),
            getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));
}

public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) {
    int result = size;
    int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
    int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);

    switch (specMode) {
    case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
        result = size;
        break;
    case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
    case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
        result = specSize;
        break;
    }
    return result;
}

所以当我们自定义 View 时，如果没有对 MODE 做处理，设置 wrap_content 和 match_content 结果其实是一样的，View 的宽高都是取父 View 的宽高。

• invaliate 和 requestlayout 方法的区别?

ViewRootImpl 作为顶级 View 负责 View 的绘制。所以简单来说，requestlayout 和 invaliate 最终都会向上回溯调用到 ViewRootImpl 的 postTranversals 方法来绘制 View。

不同的是 requestlayout 会绘制 View 的 measure，layout 和 draw 过程。invaliate 因为只添加了绘制 draw 的标志位，只会绘制 draw 过程。

• 实现一下 findViewbyid 的过程?

View findViewById(int id){
    if(mId == id)return  this;
    if(mVIew instanceof ViewGroup){
        int childrenCount = getChildrenCount();
        for(int i = 0; i<childrenCount;i++){
            View v = getchildAt(i){
                v = v.findViewById(id);
                if(v !=null){
                    return  v;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return null;
}